I was having this same problem and I think many others are running into the same thing that I was. The key store on windows is under the user directory by default e.g. C:\Users\User Name.android\
It failed for me because I was entering the full path and it had a space (" ") in folder that is named after the user. If you put quotes around the path it will likely work, and you should be prompted for the keystore password.
e.g.
keytool -exportcert -alias androiddebugkey -keystore "C:\Users\User Name.android" | openssl sha1 -binary | openssl base64