In the config/application.rb file in a Rails app, there\'s the following section of code:
if defined?(Bundler)
# If you precompile assets be
These lines don't actually change how your assets are used.
The first line,
Bundler.require *Rails.groups(:assets => %w(development test))
only loads gems from the assets group in your development and test environment. This means that things like sass-rails and uglifier won't be available in production, which then means that you won't be able to properly compile/minify/whatever your assets on the fly in production if you're making use of those gems.
On the other hand,
Bundler.require(:default, :assets, Rails.env)
will load the assets group in any environment, making those gems available in production to do asset compilation/minification/whatever on the fly.
So, as stated above, these lines don't actually change the behaviour of your asset pipeline - it simply means that you should use the first if you're going to precompile your assets for production, or use the second if you're going to lazily compile in production.