Unable to “import matplotlib.pyplot as plt” in virtualenv

Question

I am working with flask in a virtual environment. I was able to install matplotlib with pip, and I can import matplotlib in a Python session. However, when I im

Answer 1

I had similar problem when I used pip to install matplotlib. By default, it installed the latest version which was 1.5.0. However, I had another virtual environment with Python 3.4 and matplotlib 1.4.3 and this environment worked fine when I imported matplotlib.pyplot. Therefore, I installed the earlier version of matplotlib using the following:

cd path_to_virtual_environment    # assume directory is called env3
env3/bin/pip install matplotlib==1.4.3

I know this is only a work-around, but it worked for me as a short-term fix.

Answer 2

You can fix this issue by using the backend Agg

Go to User/yourname/.matplotlib and open/create matplotlibrc and add the following line backend : Agg and it should work for you.

Answer 3

I got the same error, and tried Jonathan's answer:

You can fix this issue by using the backend Agg

Go to User/yourname/.matplotlib and open/create matplotlibrc and add the following line backend : Agg and it should work for you.

I run the program, no error, but also no plots, and I tried backend: Qt4Agg, it prints out that I haven't got PyQt4 installed.

Then I tried another backend: backend: TkAgg, it works!

So maybe we can try difference backends and some may work or install the requeired packages like PyQt4.

Here is a sample python snippet that you can try and test matplotlib.

import matplotlib

matplotlib.use('TkAgg')
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

plt.plot([1, 2, 3], [0, 3, 7])
plt.show()

Answer 4

A clean and easy solution is to create a kernel that sets PYTHONHOME to VIRTUAL_ENV and then uses the system Python executable (instead of the one in the virtualenv).

If you want to automate the creation of such a kernel, you can use the jupyter-virtualenv-osx script.

Answer 5

If you do not want to set a .matplotib/matplotlibrc configuration file, you can circumvent this issue by setting the 'Agg' backend at runtime right after importing matplotlib and before importing matplotlib.pyplot:

In [1]: import matplotlib

In [2]: matplotlib.use('Agg')

In [3]: import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

In [4]: fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1)

In [5]: import numpy as np

In [6]: x = np.linspace(-1., 1.)

In [7]: y = np.sin(x)

In [8]: ax.plot(x, y)
Out[8]: [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x1057ecf10>]

In [9=]: fig.savefig('myplot.png')

Answer 6

This solution worked for me. If you already installed matplotlib using pip on your virtual environment, you can just type the following:

$ cd ~/.matplotlib
$ nano matplotlibrc

And then, write backend: TkAgg in there. If you need more information, just go to the solution link.