How do I represent and work with n-bit vectors in Python?

Question

In an assignment I am currently working on we need to work with bit vectors, but I am very unsure of how to do this in Python. They should be able to be from 4 bits to 20 bi

Answer 1

There is also the pure-Python python-bitstring (with Python 3 support).

Answer 2

The library BitVector is a pure-Python library for this purpose, and should suit the needs you specified.

Answer 3

I'm surprised that no one has mentioned ints (or I guess long in Python 2). ints can be arbitrarily large, you can use bitwise operators on them, they're fast, and the code looks like bit twiddling code in C (I consider that to be an advantage).

x = 0 # empty
x |= 1<<19 # set bit 19
x &= ~(1<<19) # clear bit 19
x ^= 1<<19 # toggle bit 19
x = ~x # invert *all* bits, all the way to infinity
mask = ((1<<20)-1) # define a 20 bit wide mask
x &= mask # ensure bits 20 and higher are 0
x ^= mask # invert only bits 0 through 19

(x >> 19) & 1 # test bit 19
(x >> 16) & 0xf # get bits 16 through 20.

I've used this for bitvectors hundreds of bits long.

Answer 4

It has lists, which you can populate with bools:

[False] * 20

Answer 5

Use struct module.

Answer 6

The bitarray module does this efficiently with booleans.