How do I create enumerated types in MATLAB?

Question

Are there enumerated types in MATLAB? If not, what are the alternatives?

Answer 1

You could also use Java enum classes from your Matlab code. Define them in Java and put them on your Matlab's javaclasspath.

// Java class definition
package test;
public enum ColorEnum {
    RED, GREEN, BLUE
}

You can reference them by name in M-code.

mycolor = test.ColorEnum.RED
if mycolor == test.ColorEnum.RED
    disp('got red');
else
    disp('got other color');
end

% Use ordinal() to get a primitive you can use in a switch statement
switch mycolor.ordinal
    case test.ColorEnum.BLUE.ordinal
        disp('blue');
    otherwise
        disp(sprintf('other color: %s', char(mycolor.toString())))
end

It won't catch comparisons to other types, though. And comparison to string has an odd return size.

>> test.ColorEnum.RED == 'GREEN'
ans =
     0
>> test.ColorEnum.RED == 'RED'
ans =
     1     1     1

Answer 2

There is actually a keyword in MATLAB R2009b called 'enumeration'. It seems to be undocumented, and I cannot say I know how to use it, but the functionality is probably there.

You can find it in matlabroot\toolbox\distcomp\examples\+examples

classdef(Enumeration) DmatFileMode < int32

    enumeration
        ReadMode(0)
        ReadCompatibilityMode(1)
        WriteMode(2)
    end
<snip>
end

Answer 3

After trying out the other suggestions on this page, I landed on Andrew's fully object-oriented approach. Very nice - thanks Andrew.

In case anyone is interested, however, I made (what I think are) some improvements. In particular, I removed the need to double-specify the name of the enum object. The names are now derived using reflection and the metaclass system. Further, the eq() and ismember() functions were re-written to give back properly-shaped return values for matrices of enum objects. And finally, the check_type_safety() function was modified to make it compatible with package directories (e.g. namespaces).

Seems to work nicely, but let me know what you think:

classdef (Sealed) Color
%COLOR Example of Java-style typesafe enum for Matlab

properties (Constant)
    RED = Color(1);
    GREEN = Color(2);
    BLUE = Color(3);
end
methods (Access = private) % private so that you can''t instatiate directly
    function out = Color(InCode)
        out.Code = InCode;
    end       
end


% ============================================================================
% Everything from here down is completely boilerplate - no need to change anything.
% ============================================================================
properties (SetAccess=private) % All these properties are immutable.
    Code;
end
properties (Dependent, SetAccess=private)
    Name;
end
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
methods
    function out = eq(a, b) %EQ Basic "type-safe" eq
        check_type_safety(a, b);
        out = reshape([a.Code],size(a)) == reshape([b.Code],size(b));
    end
    function [tf,loc] = ismember(a, b)
        check_type_safety(a, b);
        [tf,loc] = ismember(reshape([a.Code],size(a)), [b.Code]);
    end
    function check_type_safety(varargin) %CHECK_TYPE_SAFETY Check that all inputs are of this enum type
        theClass = class(varargin{1});
        for ii = 2:nargin
            if ~isa(varargin{ii}, theClass)
                error('Non-typesafe comparison of %s vs. %s', theClass, class(varargin{ii}));
            end
        end
    end

    % Display stuff:
    function display(obj)
        disp([inputname(1) ' =']);
        disp(obj);
    end
    function disp(obj)
        if isscalar(obj)
            fprintf('%s: %s (%d)\n', class(obj), obj.Name, obj.Code);
        else
            fprintf('%s array: size %s\n', class(obj), mat2str(size(obj)));
        end
    end    
    function name=get.Name(obj)
        mc=metaclass(obj);
        mp=mc.Properties;
        for ii=1:length(mp)
            if (mp{ii}.Constant && isequal(obj.(mp{ii}.Name).Code,obj.Code))
                name = mp{ii}.Name;
                return;
            end;
        end;
        error('Unable to find a %s value of %d',class(obj),obj.Code);
    end;
end
end

Thanks, Mason

Answer 4

If you need the enumerated types just for passing to C# or .NET assembly, you can construct and pass the enums with MATLAB 2010:

A = NET.addAssembly(MyName.dll)
% suppose you have enum called "MyAlerts" in your assembly
myvar = MyName.MyAlerts.('value_1');

you can also check the official MathWorks answer at

How do I use .NET enumerated values in MATLAB 7.8 (R2009a)?

// the enum "MyAlerts" in c# will look something like this
public enum MyAlerts
{
    value_1 = 0,
    value_2 = 1,
    MyAlerts_Count = 2,
}