In Ubuntu, after installing libstdc++-6-x.x-doc, these docs are available via man, examples(libstdc++-4.8-doc)
man std::list
man std::weak_ptr
man std::ios_base
To get a list of these entries, use
apropos -r '^std' | vi -
This command gets all man entries beginning with std and sends them to vi.
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Update: as of libstdc++-4.8-doc, the prefix is std:: instead of std_.