I have found the question How to determine if data is valid tar file without a file?, but I was wondering: is there a ready made command line solution?
These are all very sub-optimal solutions. From the GZIP spec
ID2 (IDentification 2)
These have the fixed values ID1 = 31 (0x1f, \037), ID2 = 139 (0x8b, \213), to identify the file as being in gzip format.
Has to be coded into whatever language you're using.
What about just getting a listing of the tarball and throw away the output, rather than decompressing the file?
tar -tzf my_tar.tar.gz >/dev/null
Edited as per comment. Thanks zrajm!
Edit as per comment. Thanks Frozen Flame! This test in no way implies integrity of the data. Because it was designed as a tape archival utility most implementations of tar will allow multiple copies of the same file!