What's the use of session.flush() in Hibernate

Question

When we are updating a record, we can use session.flush() with Hibernate. What\'s the need for flush()?

Answer 1

With this method you evoke the flush process. This process synchronizes the state of your database with state of your session by detecting state changes and executing the respective SQL statements.

Answer 2

As rightly said in above answers, by calling flush() we force hibernate to execute the SQL commands on Database. But do understand that changes are not "committed" yet. So after doing flush and before doing commit, if you access DB directly (say from SQL prompt) and check the modified rows, you will NOT see the changes.

This is same as opening 2 SQL command sessions. And changes done in 1 session are not visible to others until committed.

Answer 3

Flushing the session forces Hibernate to synchronize the in-memory state of the Session with the database (i.e. to write changes to the database). By default, Hibernate will flush changes automatically for you:

• before some query executions
• when a transaction is committed

Allowing to explicitly flush the Session gives finer control that may be required in some circumstances (to get an ID assigned, to control the size of the Session,...).

Answer 4

Flushing the Session gets the data that is currently in the session synchronized with what is in the database.

More on the Hibernate website:

• http://docs.jboss.org/hibernate/core/3.3/reference/en/html/objectstate.html#objectstate-flushing

flush() is useful, because there are absolutely no guarantees about when the Session executes the JDBC calls, only the order in which they are executed - except you use flush().

Answer 5

You might use flush to force validation constraints to be realised and detected in a known place rather than when the transaction is committed. It may be that commit gets called implicitly by some framework logic, through declarative logic, the container, or by a template. In this case, any exception thrown may be difficult to catch and handle (it could be too high in the code).

For example, if you save() a new EmailAddress object, which has a unique constraint on the address, you won't get an error until you commit.

Calling flush() forces the row to be inserted, throwing an Exception if there is a duplicate.

However, you will have to roll back the session after the exception.

Answer 6

The flush() method causes Hibernate to flush the session. You can configure Hibernate to use flushing mode for the session by using setFlushMode() method. To get the flush mode for the current session, you can use getFlushMode() method. To check, whether session is dirty, you can use isDirty() method. By default, Hibernate manages flushing of the sessions.

As stated in the documentation:

https://docs.jboss.org/hibernate/orm/5.2/userguide/html_single/chapters/flushing/Flushing.html

Flushing

Flushing is the process of synchronizing the state of the persistence context with the underlying database. The EntityManager and the Hibernate Session expose a set of methods, through which the application developer can change the persistent state of an entity.

The persistence context acts as a transactional write-behind cache, queuing any entity state change. Like any write-behind cache, changes are first applied in-memory and synchronized with the database during flush time. The flush operation takes every entity state change and translates it to an INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement.

The flushing strategy is given by the flushMode of the current running Hibernate Session. Although JPA defines only two flushing strategies (AUTO and COMMIT), Hibernate has a much broader spectrum of flush types:

• ALWAYS: Flushes the Session before every query;
• AUTO: This is the default mode and it flushes the Session only if necessary;
• COMMIT: The Session tries to delay the flush until the current Transaction is committed, although it might flush prematurely too;
• MANUAL: The Session flushing is delegated to the application, which must call Session.flush() explicitly in order to apply the persistence context changes.

By default, Hibernate uses the AUTO flush mode which triggers a flush in the following circumstances:

• prior to committing a Transaction;
• prior to executing a JPQL/HQL query that overlaps with the queued entity actions;
• before executing any native SQL query that has no registered synchronization.