I have a main.xml file describing the layout of my main activity:
No, there is no way to pass parameters to the included layout other than the layout params using the directive.
You can inflate the layout programatically and add them to your view. Add an id to the container in your main layout:
Then in your Activity:
ViewGroup container = (ViewGroup)findViewById(R.id.container);
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
View myLayout = getLayoutInflater.inflate(R.layout.mylayout, null);
TextView tv = myLayout.findViewById(R.id.textView);
tv.setText("my layout " + i);
container.addView(myLayout); // you can pass extra layout params here too
}