I am an intermediate C programmer. If you have made any coding mistake that you came to know later that it was the most hazardous / harmful to the total application please share
You should worry more about little mistakes. Big/spectacular mistakes are usually documented in books (with reasons why they are bad, alternative approaches etc.).
It's the little design/coding mistakes that get to you, because they tend to add up.
So my advice is to try and read the books Kernighan wrote or co-authored ("The C Programming Language", "Practice of Programming" etc.) because they are full of common-sense (common for experienced C programmers) advice and list principles that are very useful in avoiding both small and big mistakes.
They also list many potential big mistakes, so they answer your initial question.