I have found Google provides some guidelines on how to run Nodejs on a custom runtime environment. Everything seems fine and I am managing to start my Nodejs app on local machin
There is an easier way, at least from Docker 0.11 or something.
Run, on your development machine only, Docker with --net="host". This makes Docker bind to the localhost directly, and not creating a bridging network adapter, so the Docker machine runs like any other process on your machine and opens the ports it needs on the local interface.
This way, you can connect to your debug port as if Node was not running inside Docker.
More documentation here : https://docs.docker.com/reference/run/
Before Docker 0.11 you have other two ways of debugging, apart from using node-inspector :