I am trying to output the first 255 characters of a description on a list of items and am looking for a method to get that.
Example: I have a variable that contains 300
Using a templatefilter for truncating your text isn't really suitable for a responsive design. Therefore you could also use css to truncate your text that is responsive. I know the OP asked to do this with a django templatefilter.
You can achieve a responsive truncated text using this:
.class {
width: 100%;
white-space: nowrap;
overflow: hidden;
text-overflow: ellipsis;
}