So according to the mongoose docs, you are supposed to be able to set a custom error message in the schema like so:
var breakfastSchema = new Schema({
eggs: {
It is not directly possible as you tried it but you may want to have a look at mongoose-unique-validator which allows for custom error message if uniqueness would be violated.
In particular the section about custom errors should be of interest to you.
To get your desired
"email must be unique"
it would look similar to this
var uniqueValidator = require('mongoose-unique-validator');
...
emailVerificationTokenSchema.plugin(uniqueValidator, { message: '{PATH} must be unique' });