I don't know exactly why this was tagged jave as there are no pointers. However, for the concept you can use both pointers and reference interchangeably if you are working on the value attribute. for example i=4 or *i=4. The advantage of using pointers is that you can manipulate the adress itself. Sometimes you will need to modify the adress (point it to something else ...) this is when pointers are different for reference; pointers allow you to work directly on the adress, reference won't