Well, excellent question, but it's not easy to discuss using a several data bases (A) approach or the big one (B):
- It depends on the database itself. Oracle, e.g. behaves differently from Sybase ASE regarding the LOG (and therefore the LOCK) strategy. It might be better to use several different & small data base to keep lock contention rate low, if there is a lot of parallel writes and the DB is using a pessimistic lock strategy (Sybase).
- If the table space of the small data bases aren't spread over several disks, it might better be using one big data base for using the (buffer/cache) memory only for one. I think this is rarely the case.
- Using (A) is scales better for a different reason than performance. You're able moving a hot spot data base on a different (newer/faster) hardware when needed without touching the other data bases. In my former company this approach was always cheaper than variant (B) (no new licenses).
I personally prefer (A) for reason 3.