Our company does work environment surveys, and these surveys are filled in online. All participants are sent a link to their survey in an email (personal code included).
The only thing I can think of is to send a computer to each company with specialty software. That computer needs a connection back to your company, but the connection does not have to be dedicated. Send the email data for a respective company to that computer as bulk data in a compressed data format. The specialty software running on the deployed box has to be smart enough to decompress the data to release the emails and push them to the local email server for deployment. The complicated part is knowing how to send to receive authorization from the local email server and queue the email for distribution by that email server.
That should work because if the email originates from the internal mail server then that server will not mark the data as spam. You have to change the from field to be the designated address provided from the client and not a generic service address automatically applied by the email server.