What are the alternative of monads to use IO in pure functional programming?

Question

monads are described as the haskell solution to deal with IO. I was wondering if there were other ways to deal with IO in pure functional language.

Answer 1

I was wondering if there were other ways to deal with IO in a pure functional language.

Just adding to the other answers already here:

• The title of this paper says it all :-)
• You could also look at:

Rebelsky S.A. (1992) I/O trees and interactive lazy functional programming. In: Bruynooghe M., Wirsing M. (eds) Programming Language Implementation and Logic Programming. PLILP 1992. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 631. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

• When Haskell was young, Lennart Augustsson wrote of using system tokens as the mechanism for I/O:

L. Augustsson. Functional I/O Using System Tokens. PMG Memo 72, Dept Computer Science, Chalmers University of Technology, S-412 96 Göteborg, 1989.

I've yet to find a online copy but I have no pressing need for it, otherwise I suggest contacting the library at Chalmers.