Currently I have to create a parameterized test class for every method that I want to test with several different inputs. Is there a way to add this together in one file?
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Yes. There's nothing special you have to do. For every set of value(s) of the parameters, each @Test method is run once, so just have one method test add() and another method test subtract().
May I also add that the person who is dictating this requirement is misguided. There is little value in dictating certain design patterns "for all cases" - might as well hire trained monkeys.