I downloaded installer postgresql-9.0.1-1-windows.exe from the official site, ran it, and then got an error:
An error occurred executing the Microsoft VC+
In my case, when I was installing postgresql-11.0-1-windows-x64.exe on Windows 10, I had faced the same problem.
I just uninstalled the Microsoft Visual C++ Redistributable (the latest one for both 32 and 64 bit) and then tried to install postgresql-11.0-1-windows-x64.exe again, and it worked for me.