It seems like many OO discussions use Java or C# as examples (e.g. Head First Design Patterns).
Do these patterns apply equally to Python? Or if I follow the design pat
Yes, you can use plenty of design patterns in Python. A design pattern is just a repeatable implementation of a higher level task. The reason why Python & design patterns don't work the same as other languages is because Python includes most of the basic patterns built in. This means that patterns that emerge in Python are likely to be higher level design patterns instead of the menial tasks for which patterns are usually needed.