I have a naked rails 3 app with one model, generated using rails g model User.
I\'ve added a factory (using factory_girl_rails):
The point here is that rspec command doesn't execute migrations on your test database. and rake db:migrate only runs migrations in your current environment, probably development. Others environment like production and test ends without having those changes.
You can run
rake spec
That will prepare your testing db (drop and create using schema.rb) and run all tests.
As the other answer suggested, this:
rake db:test:prepare
Will also setup your testing db, but you have to run the rspec command after that, so, personally I prefer the first option.