In my application, I want to notify a user, when he/she is mentioned in a comment or a post.
The user handle is @user_name
, similar to Facebook
There is no single recommended approach for this. At an uber level, you may want to look at 'Comet programming', Polling and WebSockets [HTML5] and then choose the right combination. There are a couple of great implementations to manage push notifications in rails. Orbited, Juggernaut, PusherApp, Faye etc. You'll have to dig deep to figure out which of 'em use web-sockets & and fall-back to flash option to handle full support.
Faye gives a Node.js configuration also, but I am not sure about others.
Tentatively the steps would look something like:
Save the content - queue it to parser
Parse the content to find out involved users - Use Nokogiri or equivalent.
Comet/Poll it to involved users in current_session as a separate process if you're looking at Twitter like approach.
//Do other things with Post record
Push notifications to involved users and destroy() when they come online later.
Hope that gives some direction.