Hypothetical example.
import os
counter_file="counter.file"
if not os.path.exists(counter_file):
open(counter_file).write("1");
else:
num=int(open(counter_file).read().strip()) #read the number
# do processing...
outfile=open("out_file_"+str(num),"w")
for line in open("file_to_process"):
# ...processing ...
outfile.write(line)
outfile.close()
num+=1 #increment
open(counter_file,"w").write(str(num))