my xml file :-
The following query should work:
let $ref-date := xs:date("1989-03-10") let $data := return $data/name[region/date/xs:date(@value) lt $ref-date]
You can try it live at http://www.zorba-xquery.com/html/demo#r0KwHwjp1weVwefDUn1Z6roVD3A=