I have this simple code to place two div #container elements side by side. In each of these there is a child div #child which I would like to position
Absolutely positioned elements are positioned with respect to the edges of their containing block, which is defined as the first ancestor that is not position: static.
None of the ancestor elements are position: static, so it is with respect to the initial position of the viewport.
Set position: relative on the .container elements if you really want to absolutely position them.
That said, it looks like you would be better off doing this instead:
.child {
margin-left: 0.2ex;
}