I am playing with some audio and sound packages in R for Windows (mine is Win7 x64). There is a problem when I tried to record from microphone using record() {audio} :
You can simply use http://www.rforge.net/audio, the code should look like this:
# record 8000 samples at 8000Hz (1 sec), mono (1 channel)
a <- record(8000, 8000, 1)
wait(a) # wait for the recording to finish
x <- a$data # get the result
x[1:10] # show first ten samples
#sample rate: 8000Hz, mono, 16-bits
# [1] 0.018100981 0.017364085 0.016479610 0.013326526 0.010764275 0.011048204
# [7] 0.010541249 0.010892886 0.007960078 0.006703259
close(a); rm(a) # you can close the instance at this point
play(x) # play back the result
# amplify and crop the signal
y <- x * 2
y[y < -1] <- -1
y[y > 1] <- 1
# play the amplified signal
play(y)