Does someone know what this error (An explicit value for the identity column in table \'HD_AANVRAAG_FASE\' can only be specified when a column list is used and IDENTITY_INSERT
Since you aren't specifying the columns explicitly, I assume @fase_id is being passed into an IDENTITY column, which as the error indicates you can't do unless you force it via IDENTITY_INSERT.
Usually, you let the DB generate this; specify the columns in the INSERT and omit the identity column (and don't try to assign a value). The straight after the INSERT your new id is available as SCOPE_IDENTITY().