I am trying to make data collected in 15 minute increments look like data collected in 5 minute increments with the blank spaces being zero. I have created a column with Julian
The common way to handle this sort of lookup is using INDEX-MATCH. You may also be able to use VLOOKUP but I always prefer INDEX-MATCH.
Picture of ranges shows the 5 minute times in column C with 15 minute data in column F.

Formula in C1 is a combination of INDEX-MATCH and IFERROR. The IFERROR is used to handle the case of a value not found and returning the 0 you wanted.
=IFERROR(INDEX($F$1:$F$11,MATCH(B1,$E$1:$E$11,0)),0)
That formula can be copied down from C1 to the end of the 5-minute times.