RFC1918 defines private IPv4 addresses as those that fall within any of the following ranges:
10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 192.168.0.0 -
The following regexp should work:
^(?:10|127|172\.(?:1[6-9]|2[0-9]|3[01])|192\.168)\..*
DEMO