I\'m creating a set of axes in a figure and assigning a callback for its \'ButtonDownFcn\' property like so:
HRaxes = axes(\'Parent\', Figure, \
@David Snyder, observe that an image object can have a ButtonDownFcn callback property as well. Then in your callback you can have access to the corresponding axes property throught Parent property or ancestor function. For instance, say you want to use in your ButtonDownFcn callback the position of the pixel and the button you clicked with.
When you plot the image, use
imh = image(some_image);
set(imh,'ButtonDownFcn',@position_and_button);
where you defined your callback somewhere else
function position_and_button(hObject,eventdata)
Position = get( ancestor(hObject,'axes'), 'CurrentPoint' );
Button = get( ancestor(hObject,'figure'), 'SelectionType' );
%# do stuff with Position and Button