I created a simple UWP application with no code, just XAML.
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This happens to me also, it was just working fine yesterday and today the app is crashing when opening the page with the MapControl on it. Removing the ZoomLevel property helped.
Removing the ZoomLevel property but zoom in manual (or with mouse scrolling) the app is crashing while zooming in to far.
Temporary workaround:
Happens on Windows 10 Build 2004 also.