AWS documentation states that to connect to my DocumentDB Cluster, I need to use a query string that ends like so ?ssl_ca_certs=rds-combined-ca-bundle.pem&replicaS
Try adding the RDS CA file into your C# trust store.
X509Store store = new X509Store(StoreName.Root);
X509Certificate2 ca = new X509Certificate2();
try {
store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadWrite);
store.Add(ca);
} catch (Exception ex) {
Console.WriteLine("Root certificate import failed: " + ex.Message);
throw;
} finally {
store.Close();
}