Curly braces are used for both dictionary and set comprehensions. Which one is created depends on whether you supply the associated value or not, like following (3.4):
>>> a={x for x in range(3)}
>>> a
{0, 1, 2}
>>> type(a)
>>> a={x: x for x in range(3)}
>>> a
{0: 0, 1: 1, 2: 2}
>>> type(a)