Why is the default type of Java integer literals int instead of long? [closed]

Answer 1

This behavior is by design¹ and is codified in the JLS: Java Language Specification.

First, note that this is not related to widening which is why the (valid) integer-literal is promoted to a long value. Instead, this is related to the very specification of the int literal:

It is a compile-time error if a hexadecimal, octal, or binary int literal does not fit in 32 bits.

The smallest and largest signed 32-bit integer values are -2147483648 and 2147483647, respectively.

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¹I care not speculate on why it works this way, and languages like C# have different rules.