[Note: There is another thread about this problem but it did not answer the question.]
For one specific project in Eclipse, the problems view does not show errors. I
I want to post my story here if Google brings you to this question.
Somehow, "Project->Build Automatically" got turned off.
Turning it back on produces correct errors list.
I've tested that this is the case as far as Ganymede ( at the point of writing this post I am running Indigo )