It is a bit weird but you can use named volumes for that. Despite host mounted volumes, named ones won't be empied. And you can access the dir. See the example:
docker volume create --name data
docker run -rm=true -v data:/etc ubuntu:trusty
docker volume inspect data
[
{
"Name": "data",
"Driver": "local",
"Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/data/_data",
"Labels": {},
"Scope": "local"
}
]
See the mount point?
mkdir ~/data
sudo -s
cp -r /var/lib/docker/volumes/data/_data/* ~/data
echo "Hello World">~/data/hello.txt
docker run --rm=true -v ~/data:/etc ubuntu:trusty cat /etc/fstab #The content is preserved
docker run --rm=true -v ~/data:/etc ubuntu:trusty cat /etc/hello.txt #And your changes too
It is not exactly you were asking for but depends on your needs it works
Regards