Upon submission of an iPhone app to iTunes Connect for AppStore distribution, they ask for a 512x512 pixel image. Here is what it says next to the place to submit it:
Your intuition is correct - Apple applies the glossiness and rounded corners automatically in the iTunes Store, so just upload a flat square version.
Don't worry if the rendering looks terrible in iTunes Connect - it will be fine once it's on the store.
The iOS Guidelines appear to be incorrect.