say, I want to display a list of 10 languages in native scripts, and if the phone doesn\'t support the font it will fall back to english script. Is there any way we can dete
According to this, there is no direct way to do what you want. There's a method proposed in that answer to compare drawn glyphs, but there is no programmatic, simple way to do it.
Another way would be to look at which languages are supported by preinstalled fonts. Starting from Froyo and up, the standard typefaces on Android are Roboto and Noto--Roboto for "English-like" language characters, and Noto for everything else. You can find the full list of Roboto-supported characters here. Then there's Noto, which is designed specifically to prevent those weird blocky "tofu" characters that happen when a character can't be displayed. You can find a list of supported Noto languages here. Supposedly every language has at least basic Noto font support, with the ability to support more complex fonts (serifs, etc.) upon custom installation. This is a helpful guide in seeing what kind of fonts can be supported for each language type.
According to this, besides the "English-like" Roboto, the main Noto font installed on default systems is NotoSerif-Regular. You can confirm this by going to your own system_fonts.xml to see what's installed there. Another multi-language font is called Droid Sans, and here is a list of the languages that it supports.