I have looked through documentation for WebJobs, Functions and Logic Apps in Azure but I cannot find a way to schedule a one-time execution of a process through code. My use
The other answers are all valid options, but there are some others as well.
For Logic Apps you can build this behavior into the app as described in the Scheduler migration guide. The solution described there is to create a logic app with a http trigger, and pass the desired execution time to that trigger (in post data or query parameters). The 'Delay Until' block can then be used to postpone the execution of the following steps to the time passed to the trigger. You'd have to change the logic app to support this, but depending on the use case that may not be an issue.
For Azure functions a similar pattern could be achieved using Durable Functions which has support for Timers.