I am trying to print the results of my query to the console, with the below code, but it keeps returning me the object location instead.
test = connection.e
Like this, test contains all the rows returned by your query.
If you want something you can iterate over, you can use fetchall for example. Like this:
test = connection.execute('SELECT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM "my_table" WHERE Code = 08001)').fetchall()
Then you can iterate over a list of rows. Each row will contain all the fields. In your example you can access fields by their position. You only have one at position one. So that's how you can access 1:
for row in test:
print(row[0])