You can do this in a single line by associating your two arrays and then ordering the items:
const x = ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f"]
const y = [2, 4, -2, 4, 1, 3]
const result = y.map((val, index)=>({x:x[index], y:val})).sort((a,b)=>a.y-b.y).map(v=>v.x)
// -> ["c", "e", "a", "f", "b", "d"]