As per MSDN, SqlDataReader.GetSchemaTable returns column metadata for the query executed. I am wondering is there a similar method that will give table metadata
I think Rob Farley's showplan xml will work for you (assuming you are running a late enough SQL Server that has this feature).
Each column seems to have for each of the selected columns. Assuming you have at least one column from each table, it should be trivial to make a mapping between alias and table.