I\'ve already knew that this issue has been asked before but I can\'t solve this problem. I am able to compile and apply test with jUnit, Robolectric and Gradle. The issue
I had this same problem even with Robolectric v2.3-SNAPSHOT. Solved it by explicitly setting the manifest in the test file via the Config annotation, like
@Config(manifest = "src/main/AndroidManifest.xml")
@RunWith(RobolectricTestRunner.class)
public class MainActivityTest extends AndroidTestCase {
...
}