I try to build a Webapp with the MVP paradigm. Because I want the API to be clean and make everything easy testable I try to inject everything possible via Contructor Inject
It seems to me that Vaadin has nothing to do with the problem.
There may be (probably) a circular dependency injection problem but the problem lies in the ClassNotFoundException. What application server are you deploying to? Is it a full fledged Java EE 6 AS? If not, perhaps you're missing some libraries in your deployment.