How can I keep the environment variables, set from a shell script, after the script finishes running?
This is not possible by running the script. The script spawns it's own sub-shell which is lost when the script completes.
In order to preserve exports that you may have in your script, you can call them like this, which will add them to the current environment:
. myScript.sh
Notice the space between the . and the myScript.sh section.