I have a script which creates a number of the following pairs of worksheets in order:
WorkSheet (holds data) -> ChartSheet using WorkSheet
You can create dummy sheets in the order you want and them fill them up with real data in any order:
import pandas as pd
dummy = pd.DataFrame()
writer = pd.ExcelWriter('test.xlsx', engine='xlsxwriter')
# Here go the dummy sheets in the order you want
dummy.to_excel(writer, sheet_name='Chart1')
dummy.to_excel(writer, sheet_name='Chart2')
dummy.to_excel(writer, sheet_name='Data1')
dummy.to_excel(writer, sheet_name='Data2')
# Then you fill-in the placeholders in whatever order:
data1.to_excel(writer, sheet_name='Data1')
chart1.to_excel(writer, sheet_name='Chart1')
data2.to_excel(writer, sheet_name='Data2')
chart2.to_excel(writer, sheet_name='Chart2')
writer.close()