I am using a mutable Buffer and need to find out how many elements it has.
Both size and length methods are defined, inherited
They are synonyms, as the scaladoc for Buffer.size states:
The size of this buffer, equivalent to length.
The scaladoc for Buffer.length is explicit too:
The length of the buffer. Note: xs.length and xs.size yield the same result.
Simple advice: refer to the scaladoc before asking a question.
UPDATE: Just saw your edit adding mention of performance. As Daniel C. Sobral aid, one is normally always implemented in term of the other, so they have the same performance.