How does 4x4 matrix work in 3d graphic?

Question

I am learning about 3d graphics and have stumbled upon matrixes, which I don\'t fully understand. I have a 3d object, with topology, points in coordinate system and ECS (4x4

Answer 1

The upper left 3x3 block gives the rotation of the coordinate system, the upper 3 coordinates of the last column give the translation vector.

The general idea of this affine parametrization is that for the transformation one multiplies

[ x, y, z, 1 ]^T

from the right.