A bit late maybe but I managed to compile boost-modular (the Git repository, so should be similar to 1.55 as of July 2014) on Windows 7, using MinGW and the WDK 7.
The steps I used were
- install MinGW and Msys (bash etc) using mingw-get-setup (the easy way), add bin/ to path
- install the Windows Driver Kit (for W7 I used WDK 7) -- GRMWDK_EN_7600_1.ISO
downloading the ISO image and extracting the files with WinRAR worked for me
the installer advises against installing the DSF, so skip that
- add the directories of ML64.exe and ML.exe to the path (both required AFAIK)
C:\Windows\WinDDK\7600.16385.1\bin\x86\amd64;C:\Windows\WinDDK\7600.16385.1\bin\x86
- open cmd.exe as administrator and start bash
- in the parent dir of boost, run
git clone --recursive https://github.com/boostorg/boost.git boost > clone.log
- exit bash, goto directory boost and run: bootstrap gcc
- if that finishes w/o problems (if ML64.exe is found), run
b2 -a -d+2 -q --build-type=complete --build-dir=build toolset=gcc link=shared runtime-link=shared threading=multi
Without explicitly adding the ML(64) directories to the path, I still got the errors about ML.
Installing MASM is not the same as installing MSVC. I tried using different assemblers first but boost is not compatibe with their output.