R: Efficiently subsetting dataframe based on time of day

Question

I have a large (150,000x7) dataframe that I intend to use for back-testing and real-time analysis of a financial market. The data represents the condition of an investment v

Answer 1

Say that you have your target time t0 on the same scale as pTime: seconds since epoch. Then t0 - pTime = (difference in the number of days since epoch between the two) + (difference in remaining seconds). Taking t0 - pTime %% (num. seconds per day) will leave us with the difference in seconds in clock arithmetic (wrapped around if the difference is negative). This suggests the following function:

SecondsPerDay <- 24 * 60 * 60
within <- function(d, t0Sec, wMin) {
  diff <- (d$pTime - t0Sec) %% SecondsPerDay
  wSec <- 60 * wMin
  return(d[diff < wSec | diff > (SecondsPerDay - wSec), ])
}